Sunday, January 26, 2020

Context Clues

Context Clues Schatz, Elinore K., Baldwin, R. Scott (1986). Context Clues are Unreliable Predictors of Word These experiments were done to help the researchers and educators decide whether context clues help students with defining words. The two researchers were Elinore Kress Schatz and R. Scott Baldwin. Schatz is from the Greater Miami Hebrew Academy and R. Scott Baldwin was a former English teacher who became a professor of Teaching and Learning at the University of Miami. He is currently the Dean of Edinboro Universitys school of Graduate studies and research (http://www.edinboro.edu/departments/university_comm/President/pec-members/baldwin.dot). There were three different experiments done during this particular study. In the first experiment, there were 53 tenth graders and 48 eleventh graders from a private school in Fort Lauderdale, Florida who were tested. The demographics of the school consisted of students from a middle class background who were mainly Caucasian. Before the testing began, researchers tested a group of college bound tenth graders to see if they knew the meanings of the words that were going to be used on the test. If 65% or more of those students knew the meaning a word, then the word was thrown out because the researchers saw this as the students prior knowledge. The students were given two tests with one test having the words-in-context and the other with the words used in isolation. The researchers did the two tests to determine which method helps the students more. The words- in-context came from twenty-five paragraphs from novels used at this school for the tenth and the eleventh grade students. Some examples of those books include The Scarlet Letter and The Pearl. Paragraphs were chosen by their location in the book and by determining which words were low frequency words. Some examples of those words include imperious and inexorable. The words- in -context test was set up like a multiple choice test with a paragraph using the word and the students would have to identify which option shows how the word was used. The words in isolation test were a multiple choice vocabulary test. The students were then randomly assigned tests. The words in isolation testing took around ten to fifteen minutes to complete and the words-in-context testing to ok around thirty to forty minutes to complete. The results showed that â€Å"there was no statistically significant difference between the means of the no-context group (M= 9.14, SD=2.08) and the context group (M=8.76, SD= 3.72)† (Schatz Baldwin 443). These results were then tested in the second experiment to see if the results were accurate or based on the type of literary work. In the second experiment, there were 39 eleventh graders from a private school in Miami, Florida who were tested. The demographics of the school was the same as the previous school with most students being middle class. There were two tests once again but this time the words in the passages were from the four content areas. The mediums used included science textbooks (biology and physics), novel passages (same novels as other test), history textbooks, and magazines (Schatz Baldwin 444). Both tests had the same words on them but one used the words- in-context and the other test had them in isolation. All students took the words in isolation test first. The students finished the first test in 45 minutes and the words-in-context testing took two days to complete. The results of this test indicate that there was no real significant change whether the words w ere in isolation or in-context. In the third experiment, the researchers used 84 tenth and eleventh graders from a private Hebrew school in Florida. The materials were the same as the first experiment except that the tests were not multiple choice anymore. The students had to write out the meaning of the words. The two researchers then graded the papers not knowing whether the one they were grading was the test with the words- in-context or the words in isolation. They determined that multiple choice testing did not hurt the testing. The overall conclusion they came up with it that teachers need to look at a better way to help students understand the meanings of words.

Friday, January 17, 2020

Community Health Promotion Tool Essay

Kimberly Thomas: Good Evening, I am Kimberly Thomas. I’m interviewing Hypertension what is a disorder that affects cardiovascular system. Let’s talk about the population and treatment for hypertension. There are a lot of medications for hypertension. What is hypertension? Where do you start for treatment? Hypertension: Hypertension is high blood pressure. Well, there are several medication treatments for hypertension. Most doctor start patients with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), which is a diuretic. Diuretics are basically known as a water pill, which helps remove excess sodium and water from the body. Second most common medicine for hypertension is beta blockers. Beta blockers help the heart to beat a slower pace with less force. Again, there are several other medication treatments for hypertension, and your primary care physicians will discuss what options are best for you. Kimberly Thomas: Ok, thank you. Who are at risk of hypertension? Hypertension: There are some cultures that are more at risk than others. However, certain conditions and habits can put anyone at risk for high blood pressure. According to â€Å"Hypertension† (n.d.), â€Å"It’s more common in African American adults than in Caucasian or Hispanic American adults.† African Americans tend to get high blood pressure early in life. Also, Puerto Rican adults have higher rates of hypertension than any other Hispanic group. Kimberly Thomas: Why do you think African Americans and Puerto Ricans are more at risk than any other culture? Hypertension: There are several factors why these two cultures are more at risk than other cultures. According to â€Å"Hypertension† (n.d.), â€Å"The main factor is the choice of food both cultures eat. Both cultures diet include too much salt.† Kimberly Thomas: Heredity is a factor correct? Can the individual manage some of the risk factors? Hypertension: Yes to both of your questions. There are a few things you can do to manage your high blood pressure. If you’re overweight, it’s highly recommend that you start exercising. Eat healthy food low in saturated fat, Trans fat, cholesterol and salt. Limit your alcohol intake, and stop smoking. Always, take medicine the way your doctor tells you. Kimberly Thomas: I absolutely agree with that. Kimberly Thomas: What about impact it has on cost? Hypertension: According to â€Å"Hypertension† (n.d.), â€Å"In 2010, high blood pressure was projected to cost the United States $93.5 billion in health care services, medications, and missed days of work.† Kimberly Thomas: How does hypertension impact the society? Hypertension: The number 1 cause of death in the United States throughout most of the 20th century. Unfortunately, whether the hypertension is treated or untreated, only 34% of Americans with hypertension have their blood pressure controlled to 140/90. An estimated 30 to 35 million Americans have uncontrolled hypertension, and are therefore at unduly increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Kimberly Thomas: I completely agree with you. I think the number one problem we still have today is that there are many people out there who are not being adequately treated. People who are denial of their problem, is unfortunate because there is help for them. Kimberly Thomas: Well, that’s all for today and Thank you for your time. References: Hypertension. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/hypertension/faqs.htm http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/basics/definition/con-20019580

Wednesday, January 1, 2020

Good vs. Evil Essay

Movies have always been a brilliant reflection of reality. Many directors all over the world have done their best to create masterpieces, which would catch a person and would not leave him until the end of the movie. Undoubtedly, cinematography has always been a perfect tool to express the feelings and emotions of people by reflecting hem in the movies. It should be stated that thrillers and dramas are the genres of movies, which don’t but reflect all the aforesaid in a more vivid and bright way. Not only do these genres cover topics, which have always worried the society, but also reveal a horrible reality of the inside of many people. The things we are afraid to talk or even think about appear on the screen of our TV. There is an abundance of topics, which directors love to touch in dramas and movies. Usually, a movie which touches the very reality, all the ins and outs of our life, is destined to success. Good vs. Evil is the very topic which has always been extremely popular among directors, playwrights and writers. The explanation of such popularity is more than simple – Good vs. Evil is something each and everyone has inside, these are the feelings and emotions, which have always been a characteristic of the mankind of all the times. Good powers have been always struggling with the bad, evil powers. That’s the very explanation why we have hell and heaven in almost all the religions – a fight of good and evil has never stopped. That’s the reason why this topic has been always so widely used in different fields of art – either t is literature or cinematography – an idea is common, to teach a reader that evil has always been punished by good. This analysis is devoted to the topic Good vs. Evil in three movies: The Virgin Suicides, Run Lola Run and Strangers on a Train. At first glance these three movies seem to be completely different: not only are they from different times, but of different directors, stories and genres in general. Nonetheless, if we take a better look at these three movies, we will understand that a topic of Good vs. Evil is reflected in all of them. Before the analysis itself it should be stated that the topic Good vs. Evil is not the main one in all the stories, it serves as a background in the movies to attract the attention of the audience – throughout all the movies the audience comes to understand the real message of the movie through a real fight of Good and Evil, either it is obvious or hidden. The reason for such turn can be explained by a ‘black and white’ theory – a person should see both colors to understand what white is and what black is, to see the difference. The same is used in the cinematography – to understand the good, the audience is to see the evil first. The most obvious reflection of Good vs. Evil can be seen in the first movie: Strangers on a Train. A movie, shot by Alfred Hitchcock is one of the best movies ever. Not only does it keep the audience on edge from the very beginning, but it also gives a perfect understanding of what good and bad are. Each and every person, who has at least once watched the movie, would forever understand the ingenuity of Alfred Hitchcock. Each and every aspect of the movie: lights, sound, motions, all the trifles are soaked through with mystery. The audience is not left alone throughout the movie – Alfred does all possible and impossible to catch the attention of every human being. The whole idea of a ‘carrousel’ spins each and everyone around – the main heroes and the audience. The idea itself is typical to the stories of Agatha Christie, nonetheless, unique at the same time. Good vs. Evil is implemented in the main heroes of the movie: Guy Haines, an amateur tennis star, and Bruno Anthony, a stranger, who is trying to push the main hero, Guy, to the edge of evil. From their first meeting we understand that the Evil has paved its way to the good and is ready to aboard the ‘ship of the good’. From the first scenes the audience feels no sympathy to Bruna, as he is soaked through with the evil – it can be seen in his manners, in his impudence, in his way of speaking. All these trifles build a full picture. Alfred is not simply antagonizing the audience against Bruno, he wants us understand what kind of person he really is, to unearth the truth and come up to conclusion. Bruno offers Guy a deal – a ‘cross-murder’, where Bruno kills Guy’s wife, and Guy kills Bruno’s father. We see that Guy is against such deal, while Bruno seems to be determined in his idea and fulfills his part of a deal. Later on we see a struggle between Bruno and Guy, of God vs. Evil, where finally the Good wins. The final fight at the carrousel is more than dramatic for the whole movie, as the whole movie seems to be a carrousel itself. Another movie, Run Lola run, shot by the German director Tom Tykwer is telling us a story of these days. This movie has the greatest difference from the two other ones, as it is also combined with a bit of fantasy in it. Nonetheless, this fantasy is used as an allegory, a form of allusion to show the audience the reality through a concrete image. If in Strangers on Train the image of carrousel was used as a means of interpretation, in Run Lola Run, we can see the idea of three lives, which can compared to a computer game. The idea is that Lola is to help her boyfriend find money, which he lost. Otherwise, if she fails to help him, he will be killed. That’s why Lola, throughout the story is trying three different options : in the first run Lola causes an accident, and robs the shop to help her boyfriend, what leads to her death; the second run Lola robs her father’s bank, and in the end her boyfriend Manni dies, being run over by the ambulance. The third and the last one comes to be the best one as well: she decides to enter a casino and wins enough money to help Manni, at the same time Manni finds the tramp, who stole his bag and returns money back. Â  The idea of Good and Evil is uncovered here in the deeds of Lola – as soon as she decided to do each and everything correctly, the destiny turned out to be grateful to them and the story finished up with a happy end. The first two runs showed that when Lola was doing something evil, it did not but lead to unpredictable consequences , and only when she decided to deliver herself over into the hands of Providence, the story finished happily for each and everyone. The last movie, but it is important to admit, to my mind, the best one, also reflects an idea of Good vs. Evil. Nonetheless, I think that it is also covering much deeper topics, but for this one: upbringing, society, and understanding. However, I think that in this very story the Evil defeats the good, as the main protagonists finally commit suicide. The whole movie is a fight of the girls against the principles of their parents – they lead a completely isolated way of life, what is completely aggravated by the suicide of the youngest daughter. We can see the girls trying to fight these principles, however, each and everything seems to be completely in vain. The only way out they seem to find for them is to commit a group suicide. However, it remains unclear what these girls wanted to achieve: either to teach their parents or to teach the whole society. Their death shocked the whole neighborhood, leaving a shade of mystery over the story. We can see the triumph of the Evil in the end of the movie –their parents, having lost all their daughters seem to be absolutely indifferent to it, as after their flee from the neighborhood they returned to a happy and normal life, leaving the audience with a feeling that these suicides were the very thing they longed for.

Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Comparing Martin Luther King And Malcolm X - 917 Words

Brian Graichen - HST 325 - 06/17/2017 Q3: Compare and contrast Martin Luther King and Malcolm X. Martin Luther King and Malcolm X were both civil rights leaders during the 1960s, but had different ideologies on how civil rights should be won. Both men were also deeply religious, but followed different religions and paths. The Great Depression never ended for African Americans; while others enjoyed an economic recovery, Black unemployment rose. Martin Luther King says that economic inequality in America became particularly obvious in 1963 (King, 23). Martin Luther King advocated nonviolent protest. By organizing sit-ins, protests, marches, and boycotts, Martin Luther King hoped to encourage African-Americans that by peacefully and†¦show more content†¦Malcolm X s speech shamed his audience in a way that made them want to fight for their right. Malcolm X s tone and mood seemed more aggressive and powerful in a forceful way. For example, then it is right for you and me to do whatever is necessary to defend our own people right here in this country (X et al, 306). Martin Luther King Jr. s tone and mood seemed more inspirational. MLK Jr was against violence and wanted a peaceful protest. For example, let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred (Howe). Malcolm X came from a home where he got little schooling and rose to greatness on his own intelligence and determination. Malcolm X attended West Junior High School, where he was the school s only black student. He excelled academically and was well liked by his classmates, who elected him class president, but later on he said that he felt that his classmates treated him more like a class pet than a human being (X et al, 28). His house was burned down by the Klu Klux Klan (KKK) and that resulted in the murder of his father his mother later had a nervous breakdown (X et al, 47). He would later move to Harlem and become a drug dealer. He was caught for burglary and jailed. In jail is where Malcolm X found Islam. He began following the teaching of El ijah Muhammad and found his way to stand up for African Americans. He believed that black people should defend themselves against any form ofShow MoreRelatedComparing Martin Luther King and Malcolm X Essay782 Words   |  4 PagesComparing Martin Luther King and Malcolm X Martin Luther King and Malcolm X are to diverse individuals with two opposite personalities but both successfully succeeded in achieving freedom and bringing equality to black Americans discriminated against for many years even after the abolishment of slavery. Martin Luther King was born in 1929, in Georgia, Atlanta. 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In 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court declaresRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of Ballot or the Bullet Sppech by Malcolm X1359 Words   |  6 PagesAs one of the most proficient civil rights activist of the 1960s, Malcolm X and his speeches were very influential but particularly one speech was highly esteemed, that being the Ballot or the Bullet speech. A speech that was given after the I have A Dream speech by Dr. Martin Luther King. Despite, Dr. Martin Luther King being a pacifist and also a civil rights activist as well; Malcolm X was more tyrannical and advocated the use of violence. During this era, the democrats were in control of theRead MoreMartin and Malcolm Essay2150 Words   |  9 PagesAlthough Martin Luther King and Malcolm X both provided exceptional leadership during the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s, both took different paths in fighting for African American rights. The two, separately, were the defining figures of the 1960s black freedom struggle. 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Monday, December 16, 2019

A Great Law of Human Action Free Essays

Truong Th? H? ng Nhung MSV: 08D170334 *** Managers can find an effective way to delegate work successfully thanks to reading the chapter Tom Sawyer whitewashing the fence in the famous novel of â€Å"Tom Sawyer†, written by Mark Twain because Tom Sawyer discovered a great law of human action, without knowing it – namely, that in order to make a man or a boy covet a thing, it is only necessary to make the thing difficult to attain. When being assigned to paint the fence, Tom felt â€Å"life to him seemed hollow, and existence but a burden†. Tom wanted to hire some children walking on the street to do his work but he found that he didn’t have enough money to buy their â€Å"free afternoon†. We will write a custom essay sample on A Great Law of Human Action or any similar topic only for you Order Now At this dark and hopeless moment, a magnificent idea raised in his mind, instead of complaining, he returned to his work with pleasure. Soon came a boy, named Ben Rogers by and laughed at Tom because he could not go swimming instead he had to work. Tom pretended to be so interested in his work, which made Ben curious to try the work. â€Å"It suits Tom Sawyer†, â€Å"I reckon there ain’t one boy in a thousand, maybe two thousand, that can do it the way it’s got to be done†, these sayings urged Ben to ask for whitewashing the fence a bit. Tom surrendered reluctantly his brush to Ben in exchange for an apple core. Gradually, more and more boys came to whitewash the fence with Ben, the duty of Tom was just sitting under a shade tree, managing the activity. In such a short time, the fence put on â€Å"a new shirt† with the pleasure of both Tom and the children. From the story, we can withdraw two useful delegation skill. First, you need to know how to make your task inviting. No one wants to take a task which you are always grumbling about it. Tom would never have invited the children to take his work if he had been always complaining about the boreness of the work. Second, when someone asks to help you with your work, you should pretend to hold back, as Tom did, but do allow them to help you in the end. If so, he will find that it’s not easy to take the job, and so appreciate it more highly. Last, but not least, you need to monitor the one to whom you delegated the job. In the whole, the great law of human action really reflects the fact about all people’s need. People always want to show that they have abilities to fulfill a difficult task which many people are unable to do. How to cite A Great Law of Human Action, Essays

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Master narrative free essay sample

Life is a history of master narratives, controlling the views of many individuals. The definition of master narrative can seem quite vague, but the values and limitations it holds give it purpose in the world. Whether or not the purpose of a master narrative is acknowledged varies between each person. Master narratives are not always right or wrong— true or false, good or bad— they are a way to marginalize society into thinking a certain way. Master Narratives always have and always will shape the beliefs and knowledge of the world by defining and defying society’s thoughts, emotions, and actions through the stereotypical views of our world. Master narrative is a concept that describes the overall ‘story’ of an event or occurrence. They are the base where all other stories branch out of, and conduct the way different ideological groups think, feel, act and what they believe in. I describe master narratives as being vague because within different ideological groups, the same concept could portray a very different outlook, resulting in a completely different master narrative on the same or similar topic. Master narratives within ideological groups are not considered vague because the concept is something everyone in that specific group knows about and usually agrees upon. What is not clearly defined, is the whole definition of what master narratives ‘could be’ in all other ideological groups, races, regions, religions, cultures, sexes, etc. If a person is based in a certain group, for example: females, African Americans, Canadians, elderly, teenagers†¦ it does not mean they have to believe everything or agree with the ‘master narratives’ that go along with the stereotypical consensus of those groups. As Robert Fulford describes in his article on master narrative, â€Å"they [master narratives] are often wrong in significant ways,† they are overgeneralized, distorted, and belittling (31). Postmodernism comes into play when the realization that a single persons truths or beliefs may be vastly different from anyone else’s. The point of postmodernism is not to search for the truth, but to understand the concept that everyone has their own perception of these truths. Master narratives and postmodernism go hand-in-hand as there is no absolute truth that every person on Earth abides to, therefore there are thousands of different master narratives. A master narrative of Western civilization—2014 edition—would be: every person is equally valued. This statement is true now, but up until the early 20th Century the master narrative was that the ‘white man ruled. ’ Women had no independence, ‘Blacks’ were slaves, and Native Americans lost their land; mass amounts of discrimination determined what these people could do, where they could go, how they were treated and how much money they made. Not until the Civil Rights Act of 1964 did the master narrative based upon these groups of people begin to change. Yet today, in different areas of the world they may still follow or believe in a similar master narrative as Western civilization used to. Master narratives provide an overall feeling of what is, or is not, acceptable based on the ideologies of a larger group of individuals. Master narratives have rules and regulations that determine how they are constructed and why they shape the world. In order to understand master narratives there needs to be limitations, which provide structure and values, guiding the morals of the world—which are not always good— along with a sense of history and storytelling. The limits that construct master narratives rely on facts and order; they have an expiry date, are not very descriptive, are able to alternate, and provide the basic framework of the event or story. Master narratives cannot be only one person’s idea, concept, belief, or life story. They are the overall ‘thoughts’ of society, from which individual ideas and beliefs branch out from. Master narratives provide society with bases of knowledge and a guideline for conducting daily life. Historical events, thoughts on society or religion, what we think is good or bad, right or wrong, all have to do with master narratives. If there were not master narratives like: The Bible, Slavery, Abortion†¦telling society what to believe in or think is right or wrong, people would not know about them or their importance. Master narratives do not always have respectable connotations. For instance, the consumption of marijuana used to have a lingering master narrative that â€Å"linked the use of marijuana with violence, crime and other socially deviant behaviors, primarily committed by ‘racially inferior’ or underclass communities† according to the â€Å"Marijuana Timeline† on PBS. org. Today marijuana is legal for medical use in nine different states across America, with two of these states including regulations for recreational use. Society lets master narratives judge whole groups of people based on the incidents of a few individuals which is very stereotypical. However, the master narrative does not have the control or ability to determine every person’s actions. A master narrative that resonates with me is the view American’s have on Canadians- that they are over polite and always say ‘sorry’ even when it is not their fault. I would think being very polite is one of the best qualities Canadians have, yet Americans make fun of us for it or think we are ignorant because of it. I hear this master narrative all over the place, whether it is on the internet, TV, or from friends. It is not that I completely disagree with this statement, but I think it is a very stereotypical view on Canadians. This master narrative is also extremely vague as I have met many Canadians who are rude and arrogant, and who certainly are not polite to all those they interact with. Additionally, I have traveled to Mexico and found that people there are generally more pleasant and kind than a vast majority of people I have met in Canada. In conclusion, the concept of master narrative is to marginalize society’s thoughts, feelings, and actions by inducing values and limitations for humanity to follow and believe in. With this being said, master narratives hold a purpose in the way society conducts their lives but it also produces an immensely stereotypical view on certain subjects and it is the decision of each individual whether or not they wish to follow the ‘master narratives’ of the world.